Found "drake strait"
1577 December 2002, drake and led 5 sailboat departure, when driving to the equator fleet, drake abruptly announced the destination is the Pacific Ocean. The crew were astonished. Want to know, there were not xu zhi liang's blog the panama canal, between the Atlantic and Pacific the only access only to the Magellan straits, people think it is a sits on the northern tip of the southern continents, and it has not only high waves urgent and wind of Spanish heavily guarded. Since Charles v elected Magellanic completed human first global navigation, the Spaniard has to hold the Magellan. Such an adventurous plan natural suffered the sailors opposition, in sail on, drake suffered a mutiny, although he decisive suppressed the mutiny, still can be allowed 2 ships sailor home. In 1578 September, drake led 3 sailing to the Magellan. Pacific Ocean waves monstrous fleet is the smallest of Mary was stormy waves upset, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing systems Jericho dozens of sailors were buried at sea, another vessel lucky boat Elizabeth number blown back to the channel and had to return to the UK. Only drake rate flagship "the gold deer destroy maru" through the strait. Ship sailed in south wind after few all-night, sailors amazed to find that the west coast disappeared.
Drake was this serendipity startled, he pleased to announce: "legend of southern continent, is not exist, even if there is in more distant southern waters". Later, this passage named "a drake strait". Actually, drake was not the first found "drake strait" of the people, as early as in 1525 Spain, in the west Hollywood through navigator already discovered this the waterway, and personally sailing through the strait, he put the strait named "Mar DE Hoces". But the Spanish are not consider the "secret" open, the reason is very simple, the Magellan is a very narrow channel, it may be said "YiFuDangGuan, affection of mo open", the Spaniard as long as troops to guard can guarantee the Pacific be the Spaniard's turf. While "drake strait" very broad, the Spaniard difficult to guard, therefore, they don't want to get things out of the mouth.
The Spaniard believes if biqing Magellan was foolproof, live in the Pacific no deploy a Spanish soldiers. After entering the Pacific, drake sail north west coast, all the way along the South America, plundered the Spanish, never believe, in the Pacific will have British pirates, so no beware, outfit that was under attack. Although "the gold deer destroy maru" displacement is only 100 tons, only hold 18 artillery and 60 sailor, but unsuspecting Spaniard or beaten dizzy. In Peru to panama waters, drake also robbed a Spanish galleon shipped golden boat. Obtained 80 pounds of gold and silver and 26 tons of gem, "the gold deer destroy maru" became an ocean flow vault. Drake know of the Pacific Ocean, plunder the news soon spread throughout South America, the Spaniard must send fleet raids, if again from South America out-played southernmost home, always have the gambler character, "since drake identified in the Atlantic and Pacific north American southernmost connected, in certain also is connected", hence he sailed north, hoping to find the way home.
"The gold deer destroy maru" along Mexico's west coast and the west coast of the United States in a professional line, more than half a month of the voyage, drake first marked with the location of the west coast of the United States, an achievement and he found "drake strait", make its ranks among the world's famous navigator ranks.
In the United States and Canada at the junction of the sea, drake encountered a lot of bad weather, the north channel become unreachable, south to return two lines are hopeless cases, drake opted to drive the ship of more than 100 tons of little sailing boat Vast westward across the Pacific to return home.
Actually drake across the Pacific on impulse, nor his trip with the queen of England to China, it is shown that the emperor letter British would like to trade's intentions. While driving to Indonesia islands drake met a call package less division of Chinese, the Chinese people are willing to China with drake, and tell drake now ruled China is "hongwu emperor wanli emperor" (should be), and he also told drake, if you and I go to China, the emperor will reward give you many treasures. Drake although very soon, but finally he did not follow package less t go to China. This year than MaGeEr nehemiah the throne emperor qianlong 200 years earlier.
's 15 years on September 26, "the gold deer destroy maru" carrying fifty-six surviving adventurers and full of treasure ship the goods back to England Plymouth. "The gold deer destroy date" the voyage 58000 kilometers, equivalent to around the equator 1 lap in half, drake history since Magellan after the second complete sail around the world. The looters trip obtain treasure very impressive, and its specific digital hidden, only to know Britain's financial exerted great influence. By one conservative estimate, the total of 150 million pounds, by today's gold and silver value calculation, about 120 million dollars. The money is equivalent to Spanish king in the americas mineral annual one-third to one-half of British royal year, equal to the entire income.
Drake will all looted one-third to the queen, he will also be one of the biggest gem to queen, while today this gem is embedded in the queen's crown. The excited queen drake please enter the palace, spent six hours listening to him about adventures, and personally boarded the gold deer destroy number, conferring the drake for jazz.
Old pirates rout Spanish Armada
British pirates in Spain and plunder, make not only Spanish financial loss is very big, also gradually shake the Spanish sea overlord status. In 1587, Elizabeth executed the pro-spanish of Mary queen of Scots, the limit of Spanish king Philip ii send out "Armada" punitive Britain. At this time, drake has 47 years old, and married a smaller than oneself 20s noble lady, live in manor, have a look endless land and a few life for it all wealth. When we heard the news of Spanish coming invasion, he immediately armour to go into battle, rate of 25 pirate ship support her majesty's government, and puts forward the coast QuanJian enemy. At that time, everyone considered "the old pirates are in say talk in a dream".
In 1587 April 19, drake fleet, day and night sky sneak Spanish cadiz port, they were near Spanish ships, fire kindled the close shot canvas, the cadiz port into flames. Because the British at this point in the negotiations, the Spaniard fluffing successively unprepared, 33 warships and 36 ship resupply vessels were sunk, 2 ship is more than 1,000 tons ships. 5 months, drake attacked again Lisbon nearby Portsmouth, make the Spaniard disastrous. On the way home, he also robbed Spanish king Philip ii's private golden boat shipped value and grabbed 11 million pounds of wealth. June, and he brought intact fleet back to Britain. This series of actions that Spanish war preparedness for about 1 year time delay, for British people to win the precious preparation time. Maybe the god doesn't visit Spanish, 1588 in January, the Spanish navy star families spent the marquis unexpectedly died, but instead of his is West Virginia, although more than the duke, but not grandeur battles, more ridiculous in West Virginia more decisive engagements moment the duke should haven't recovered from seasick.
Because the raids drake Spaniard until 1588 in May to finish concentrated, a total of ships Armada 130 ship: 20 ships four square-rigged ship big sailboat, 44 armed ships, 23 ship round ship, 22 ship sent ship sailing ship, 13, four craft brisk medium-sized sailing and four craft long boat. The ships of the gross tonnage for 58000 tons, gun totaling 2,400 door, driving the seafarers 8,000 people, contained in the army has 19,000 people. Add boating slave and other personnel, for a total of 6 million. It's said that while Armada mightily kill the news to Britain, drake are friends and bowling, see friends is very nervous, drake easily say: "come! First to finish this bureau again I pick up the Spanish people." That year, the commander of the eastern XieAn is in Chinese chess playing that QianQin million army flick soldiers southbound news, and shows the same time with drake.
To balance the excesses of the Spanish Armada, drake have answers, he would see the Spaniard's weakness. Spanish people would like to utilize the advantage of shipborne infantry, using traditional methods, bumped their ships in forcibly terengganu ship after melee, then took British ships. Britain may not think so, the British royal navy ships except 34, besides the private warships more than 60 ships, 34 of them war-ships composition "drake detachment," British fleet of operational personnel 9000 people were carrying, whole is a crew and sailors, no infantry. British warship hull small, speed and agility is strong, and cannon quantities, range far. Fundamental abandoned "connect port of war" this backward mode, with drake's words: "the sea to by ship to solve, and infantry no relationship."
In terms of firepower equipped with the people use light "long gun" and more decorate in distribu-ted, this gun power although not as heavy artillery powerful, but far greater range. 2008 in the English channel discovered Elizabeth I times a warship of debris, the British navy archaeologists in the help, recovery from the wreckage find two artillery, and in modern foundry inside reconstruction, artillery shell tests showed the thorax appears speed, can hit a close yto of miles goal, and then ship to ship DuiShe distance is about 100 yards, so the shell may shoot through each other wooden hull, from the other side fly out. Warships wreckage also shows, British ships loaded with diameter of artillery, use the same ammunition. Archaeologists said, "Elizabeth I of naval created the first organically type gun. Together, you can emit fatal play tent." Navy use a small-bore artillery, at the same time, its power salvo than a small number of larger diameter cannon.
In battle, British greater advantage lies in the new battle array, the Spaniard warships divided into groups, with their heavy flashlights swept over against them, and drake was launched a new tactic: in the battle, let ship touched up with lined up in a word, the port side array gun bombardment. The changes of the naval pattern, causes the ocean infantry in naval warfare completely lost value, henceforth artillery replace infantry become of the naval protagonist. Because the war concept and weaponry is different, in battle was not before the start of the collapse of the Spanish fleet fate is already doomed.
22 July morning, the British west of the two countries navy in the English channel launched a decisive battle. British fleet through good journey, "a single long term" formation wedge Spanish ships, due to advanced tactics and flexible mobility, no ship by Spain army preemption, after a day of naval battles, the Spaniard fell away, long-distance BaoZhan make the Spanish fleet infantry and heavy artillery become no effect. Dispose of the two countries fleet's first meeting, combat proof British ships are far better than Spain and gunner outstanding. The latter because to climb the enemy's ship, the spiritual shock.
Until July 25, Spain has lost about a tenth of the ship, while Britain mingled west Moore of reinforcement, earl of warship totaled 136 ships. July 28 night at drake such a man's suggestion, the British take old fire boats tactics, the Spanish fleet acupuncture is confused, cannot hold formation, the British naval imposed assault. From 29 9am to 6pm, both sides fleet in no squadrons cases, each other confounding, groups paraded DuiShe until shell so far away, the Spanish fleet was further greatly lowered. In early August, the rest of the Spanish ships in the wind to north flee, ready to bypass Scotland, Ireland, return home. The Spanish fleet heaved fleeing helter skelter. And whats more at sea back-to-back meet twice big storm, many ships FanChen, plenty of soldiers, sailors were waves rushed to Ireland by the British coast, killing. Seattle, Armada lost 100 warship, more than 20,000 soldiers were buried at sea. The Englishman is a ship without loss, the dead sailor insufficient hundred people.
1588 in October, before "Armada" remaining 43 ship broken warships to Spain, marked the start, and Spanish decline of the British empire has become the new ocean empire. The naval opened Elizabeth I of flourishing, but also achieves the drake brilliancy. He was created for England pirates boarded the Lord, history of the peak.
In August, 1593 over 50 of the drake started life last pirates crusade. Old drake in Puerto Rico by spaniards repelled, soon, terrible yellow fever in team spread, drake also suffering from serious illness. In 1596 January 28, the 55-year-old drake died in his own boat, the sailors as he held a puerto bello. Men's eye pirates lucifer, British people the national hero so buried seas.
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